OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
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We are looking for a graduate student interested in working on this project (selected student could start fall 2020 or earlier). If you have a good physical sciences and math background, if you're interested in numerical modeling and the ocean's carbon cycle this is the project for you. Contact Andreas Schmittner for questions and/or apply to our graduate program in Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences.
Climate Modeling
Climate Change, Ocean Biogeochemical Cycles, Interactions in the Climate System, Paleoclimate, Ocean Circulation
The Biological Pump During the Last Glacial Maximum and Early Deglaciation
Effects of Acidification and Warming on Long-Term Ocean Carbon Cycling Constrained by Observations
Estimating Climate Sensitivity From Temperature Reconstructions of the Last Glacial Maximum
Ph.D., Physics, University of Bern, Switzerland, 1999
Diploma, Physics, University Bremen, Germany, 1996
ATS421/521 Introduction to Climate Modeling S19, S15, S13
ATS201 Climate Science S17
ATS320 The Changing Climate F14, F15
ATS320 Man's Impact on Climate W14, S12, S11
OC599/OC669 Introduction to Climate Modeling W11, W09, W07
OC331 Introduction to Oceanography W10, F07
Juan Muglia, Ph.D. 2017
Christopher J. Somes, M.S. 2009
For pdf's click here.
2018
Thibodeau, B., Not, C., Schmittner, A., Noone, D., Tabor, C., Zhang, J. and Z. Liu (2018) Last century warming over the Canadian Atlantic shelves linked to weak Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circululation Geophys. Res. Let., 45, 12,376-12,385, doi:10.1029/2018GL080083. html pdf
Muglia, J. Skinner, L., and A. Schmittner (2018) Weak overturning circulation and high Southern Ocean nutrient utilization maximized glacial ocean carbon Earth and Planet. Sci. Let., 496, 47-56, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.05.038. html pdf OCB Science Highlight
2017
Muglia, J. Somes, C. J., Nickelsen, L., and A. Schmittner (2017) Combined Effects of Atmospheric and Seafloor Iron Fluxes to the Glacial Ocean Paleoceanography, 32(11), 1204-1218, doi:10.1002/2016PA003077. html pdf
Lacerra, M., D. C. Lund, J. Yu, and A. Schmittner (2017) Carbon storage in the mid-depth Atlantic during millennial-scale climate events Paleoceanography, 32, 780-795, doi:10.1002/2016PA003081. html pdf
Schmittner, A., H. C. Bostock, O. Cartapanis, W. B. Curry, H. L. Filipsson, E. D. Galbraith, J. Gottschalk, J. C. Herguera, S. Jaccard, L. E. Lisiecki, D. C. Lund, G. Martínez-Méndez, J. Lynch-Stieglitz, A. Mackensen, E. Michel, A. C. Mix, D. W. Oppo, C. D. Peterson, E. L. Sikes, H. J. Spero, and C. Waelbroeck (2017) Calibration of the Carbon Isotope Composition (δ13C) of Epibenthic Foraminifera Paleoceanography, 32(6), 512-530, doi:10.1002/2016PA003072. html pdf core-top data water column data Editor's Highlight
Somes, C. J., Schmittner, A., Muglia, J. and A. Oschlies (2017) A three-dimensional model of the marine nitrogen cycle during the Last Glacial Maximum constrained by sedimentary isotopes Frontiers in Marine Science, 4, 108, doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00108. html pdf
Ullman, D. J. and A. Schmittner (2017) A cloud feedback emulator (CFE, version 1.0) for an intermediate complexity model Geoscientific Model Development, 10, 945-958, doi:10.5194/gmd-10-945-2017. html pdf Supplement (42 MB)
2016
Bakker, P., Schmittner, A., Lenaerts, J. T. M., Abe-Ouchi, A., Bi, D., van den Broeke, M. R., Chan, W.-L., Beadling, R. L., Marsland, S. J., Mernild, S. H., Saenko, O. A., Swingedouw, D., Sullivan, A. and J. Jin (2016) Fate of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation - Strong decline under continued warming and Greenland melting Geophysical Research Letters, 43(23), 12,252-12,260, doi:10.1002/2016GL070457. html pdf EOS Research Spotlight US CLIVAR Research Highlight
Bakker, P., Clark, P. U., Golledge, N. R., Schmittner, A., and M. E. Weber (2016) Centennial-scale Holocene climate variations amplified by Antarctic Ice Sheet discharge Nature, 541, 72–76, doi:10.1038/nature20582. html pdf Press Release
Hertzberg, J. E., Lund, D. C., Schmittner, A. and A. L. Skrivanek (2016) Evidence for a Biological Pump Driver of Atmospheric CO2 Rise during Heinrich Stadial 1 Geophysical Research Letters, 43(23), 12,242-12,251, doi:10.1002/2016GL070723. html pdf
Schmittner, A. (2016) The smoking gun for Atlantic circulation changes, Science, 353 (6298), 445-446, doi:10.1126/science.aag3156. Summary pdf html
Schmittner, A., and C. J. Somes (2016) Complementary Constraints from Carbon (13C) and Nitrogen (15N) Isotopes on the Efficiency of the Glacial Ocean's Soft-Tissue Biological Pump, Paleoceanography, 31, doi:10.1002/2015PA002905. data html pdf
2015
Green, J. A. M., and Schmittner, A. (2015) Climatic Consequences of a Pine Island Glacier Collapse, Journal of Climate, 28, 9221-9234, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0110.1.html pdf
Buizert, C., and Schmittner, A. (2015) Southern Ocean Control of Glacial AMOC Stability and Dansgaard-Oeschger Interstadial Duration, Paleoceanography, 30, doi:10.1002/2015PA002795.html pdf
Muglia, J., and Schmittner, A. (2015) Glacial Atlantic overturning increased by wind stress in climate models, Geophysical Research Letters, 42, doi:10.1002/2015GL064583.html pdf supplementary material
Kvale, K. F., Meissner, K. J., Keller, D. P., Eby, M., and Schmittner, A. (2015) Explicit planktic calcifiers in the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model, Atmosphere-Ocean, 53(3), doi: 10.1080/07055900.2015.1049112.html pdf
Schmittner, A., Green, J. A. M., and Wilmes, S.-B. (2015) Glacial Ocean Overturning Intensified by Tidal Mixing in a Global Circulation Model, Geophysical Research Letters, 42(10), 4014-4022, doi: 10.1002/2015GL063561.html pdf data kudos
Lund, D. C., Tessin, A. C., Hoffman, J. L., and Schmittner, A. (2015) Southwest Atlantic watermass evolution during the last deglaciation, Paleoceanography. 30, doi:10.1002/2014PA002657html pdf
Schmittner, A., and Lund, D. C. (2015) Early deglacial Atlantic overturning decline and its role in atmospheric CO2 rise inferred from carbon isotopes (δ13C), Climate of the Past, 11, 135-152.
2014
Schmittner, A., and Egbert, G. D. (2014) An improved parameterization of tidal mixing for ocean models, Geoscientific Model Development, 7, 211-224, doi:10.5194/gmd-7-211-2014. html, model code, dissipation data and scripts available here
2013
Schmittner, A., Gruber, N., Mix, A. C., Key, R. M., Tagliabue, A., and Westberry, T. K. (2013) Biology and air-sea gas exchange controls on the distribution of carbon isotope ratios (d13C) in the ocean, Biogeosciences, 10, 5793-5816, doi:10.5194/bgd-10-5793-2013. html data: observations at CDIAC, model code & obs at BG
Somes, C. J., Oschlies, A., and Schmittner, A. (2013) Isotopic constraints on the pre-industrial oceanic nitrogen budget, Biogeosciences, 10, 5889-5910, doi:10.5194/bgd-10-5889-2013. html
Galbraith, E. D., Kienast, M., Albuquerque, A. L., Altabet, M., Batista, F., Bianchi, D., Calvert, S. E., Contreras Quintana, S., Crosta, X., De Pol Holz, R., Dubois, N., Etourneau, J., Francois, R., Hsu, T.-C., Ivanochko, T., Jaccard, S. L., Kao, S.-J., Kiefer, T., Kienast, S., Lehmann, M. F., Martinez, P., McCarthy, M., Meckler, A. N., Mix, A. C., Mobius, J., Pedersen, T. F., Quan, T. M., Robinson, R. S., Ryabenko, E., Schmittner, A., Schneider, R., Schneider-Mor, A., Shigemitsu, M., Sinclair, D., Somes, C., Studer, A. S., Tesdal, J.-E., Thunell, R., and Yang, J.-Y. T. (2012) The acceleration of oceanic denitrification during deglacial warming, Nature Geosc., 6, 579–584, doi:10.1038/ngeo1832. html pdf Press Release
2012
Robinson, R. S., Kienast, M., Albuquerque, A. L., Altabet, M., Contreras Quintana, S., De Pol Holz, R., Dubois, N., Francois, R., Galbraith, E., Hsu, T.-C., Ivanochko, T., Jaccard, S., Kao, S.-J., Kiefer, T., Kienast, S., Lehmann, M., Martinez, P., McCarthy, M., Möbius, J., Pedersen, T., Quan, T. M., Ryabenko, E., Schmittner, A., Schneider, R., Schneider-Mor, A., Shigemitsu, M., Sinclair, D., Somes, C., Studer, A., Thunell, R., and Yang, J.-Y. (2012) A review of nitrogen isotopic alteration in marine sediments, Paleoceanogr., 24, PA4203, doi: 10.1029/2012PA002321. html
Ahn, J., Brook, E. J., Schmittner, A., and Kreutz, K. (2012) Abrupt change in atmospheric CO2 during the last ice age, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L18711, doi:10.1029/2012GL53018. html
Schmittner, A., Urban N. M., Shakun, J. D., Mahowald, N. M., Clark, P. U., Bartlein, P. J., Mix, A. C., and Rosell-Melé, A. (2012) Response to Comment on “Climate Sensitivity Estimated From Temperature Reconstructions of the Last Glacial Maximum”, Science, 337, 1294, doi: 10.1126/science.1221634. html Comment by Fyke and Eby
Pinsonneault, A. J., Matthews, H. D., Galbraith, E. D., and Schmittner, A. (2012) Calcium carbonate production response to future ocean warming and acidification, Biogeosciences, 9, 2351-2364, doi:10.5194/bg-9-2351-2012. html pdf
Ross, A., Matthews, H. D., Schmittner, A., and Kothavala, Z. (2012) Assessing the Effects of Ocean Diffusivity and Climate Sensitivity on the Rate of Global Climate Change, Tellus B, 64, 17733, doi:10.3402/tellusb.v64i0.17733. html
Shakun, J. D., Clark, P. U., He, F., Marcott, S. A., Mix, A. C., Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B., Schmittner, A., and Bard, E. (2012) Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide concentrations during the last deglaciation, Nature, 484, 49-54, doi:10.1038/nature10915. html
Zhang, X., Prange, M., Steph, S., Butzin, M., Krebs, U., Lunt, D. J., Nisancioglu, K. H., Park, W., Schmittner, A., Schneider, B., Schulz, M. (2012) Changes in equatorial Pacific thermocline depth in response to Panamanian Seaway closure: Insights from a multi-model study, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett., 317-318, 76-84, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.028. html
2011
Schmittner, A., Urban N. M., Shakun, J. D., Mahowald, N. M., Clark, P. U., Bartlein, P. J., Mix, A. C., and Rosell-Melé, A. (2011) Climate Sensitivity Estimated From Temperature Reconstructions of the Last Glacial Maximum, Science, 334, 1385-1388,doi: 10.1126/science.1203513. Abstract pdf data
Zickfeld, K., Eby, M., Matthews, H. D., Schmittner, A., and Weaver, A. J. (2011) Nonlinearity of carbon cycle feedbacks, J. Climate, 24,4255–4275, doi: 10.1175/2011JCLI3898.1. html
Marcott, S. A., Clark, P. U., Padman, L., Klinkhammer, G. P., Springer, S., Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Carlson, A. E., Ungerer, A., Padman, J., He, F., Cheng, J. and Schmittner, A., (2011) Ice-shelf collapse from subsurface warming as a trigger for Heinrich events, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 108 (33), 13415-13419, doi:10.1073/pnas.1104772108 html
Schmittner, A., Silva, T. A. M., Fraedrich, K., Kirk, E. and Lunkeit, F. (2011) Effects of Mountains and Ice Sheets on Global Ocean Circulation, J. Climate, 24, 2814–2829, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3982.1. html Press Release
Alder, C. J., Hostetler, S. W., Pollard, D., and Schmittner, A. (2011) Evaluation of a present-day climate simulation with a new coupled atmosphere-ocean model GENMOM, Geosi. Model Dev., 4, 69-83, doi:10.5194/gmd-4-69-2011. html
2010
Somes, C. J., Schmittner, A. and Altabet, M. A. (2010) Nitrogen isotope simulations show the importance of atmospheric iron deposition for nitrogen fixation across the Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L23605, doi:10.1029/2010GL044537. html
Goes, M., Urban, N. M., Tonkonojenkov, R., Haran, M., Schmittner, A., and Keller, K., (2010) What is the skill of ocean tracers in reducing uncertainties about ocean diapycnal mixing and projections of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation?, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C12006, doi:10.1029/2010JC006407. html
Somes, C. J., Schmittner, A., Galbraith, E. D., Lehmann, M. F., Altabet, M. A., Montoya, J. P., Letelier, R. M., Mix, A. C., Bourbonnais, A., and Eby, M. (2010) Simulating the global distribution of nitrogen isotopes in the ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 24, GB4019, doi:10.1029/2009GB003767. html
2009
Schmittner, A., N. M. Urban, K. Keller, and D. Matthews (2009) Using tracer observations to reduce the uncertainty of ocean diapycnal mixing and climate–carbon cycle projections, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB4009, doi:10.1029/2008GB003421. html
Sarnthein, M., G. Bartoli, M. Prange, A. Schmittner, B. Schneider, M. Weinelt, N. Andersen, and D..Garbe-Schonberg (2009) Mid-Pliocene shifts in ocean overturning circulation and the onset of Quaternary-style climates, Clim. Past, 5, 269-283, doi:10.5194/cp-5-269-2009. html
2008
Schmittner, A., E. D. Galbraith (2008) Glacial greenhouse gas fluctuations controlled by ocean circulation changes, Nature, 456, 373-376, doi:10.1038/nature07531. html
Oschlies, A., K. G. Schulz, U. Riebesell, and A. Schmittner (2008) Simulated 21st century's increase in oceanic suboxia by CO2-enhanced biotic carbon export, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB4008, doi:10.1029/2007GB003147. html
Schmittner, A., A. Oschlies, H. D. Matthews, and E. D. Galbraith (2008) Future changes in climate, ocean circulation, ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling simulated for a business-as-usual CO2 emission scenario until year 4000 AD, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 22, GB1013, doi:10.1029/2007GB002953. html Correction
2007
Clark, P. U., S. W. Hostetler, N. G. Pisias, A. Schmittner, and K. J. Meissner (2007) Mechanisms for a ~7-kyr climate and sea-level oscillation during marine isotope stage 3, in Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts, AGU Geophys. Monograph, vol. 173, edited by Schmittner, A., J. Chiang, and S. Hemming, pp. 315-334, American Geophysical Union.
Schmittner, A., E. Brook and J. Ahn (2007) Impact of the ocean’s overturning circulation on atmospheric CO2, in Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts, AGU Geophysical Monograph Series, vol. 173, edited by A. Schmittner, J. Chiang, and S. Hemming, pp. 209-246, American Geophysical Union.
Schmittner, A., E. D. Galbraith, S. W. Hostetler, T. F. Pedersen, and R. Zhang (2007) Large fluctuations of dissolved oxygen in the Indian and Pacific oceans during Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations caused by variations of North Atlantic Deep Water subduction, Paleoceanogr., 22, PA3207, doi:10.1029/2006PA001384. html data available at ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/uvic/schmittner2007/
Schneider, B., M. Latif, and A. Schmittner (2007) Evaluation of different methods to assess model projections of the future evolution of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, J. Climate, 20, 2121-2132.
2006
Schneider, B. and A. Schmittner (2006) Simulating the impact of the Panamanian seaway closure on ocean circulation, marine productivity and nutrient cycling, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett., 246, 367–380.
2005
Schmittner, A., Latif, M. and Schneider, B. (2005) Model Projections of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation for the 21st century assessed by observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23710, doi:10.1029/2005GL024368. html
Schmittner, A., Oschlies, A., Giraud, X., Eby, M. and Simmons H.L. (2005) A Global Model of the Marine Ecosystem for Long Term Simulations: Sensitivity to Ocean Mixing, Buoyancy Forcing, Particle Sinking and Dissolved Organic Matter Cycling, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB3004, doi:10.1029/2004GB002283. html
Schmittner, A., (2005) Decline of the marine ecosystem caused by a reduction in the Atlantic overturning circulation, Nature, 434, 628-633. html
Koesters, F., R. H. Kaese, A. Schmittner and P. Herrmann (2005) The Effect of Denmark Strait Overflow on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L04602, doi:10.1029/2004GL022112. html
2004
Schmittner, A., M. Sarnthein, H. Kinkel, G. Bartoli, T. Bickert, M. Crucifix, D. Crudeli, J. Groeneveld, F. Kösters, U. Mikolajewicz, C. Millo, J. Reimer, P. Schäfer, D. Schmidt, B. Schneider, M. Schulz, S. Steph, R. Tiedemann, M. (2004) Global Impact of the Panamanian Seaway Closure, EOS, 85, 526.
Saenko, O. A., Schmittner, A. and A. J. Weaver (2004) The Atlantic-Pacific seesaw, J. Climate, 17, 2033-2038.
Ewen, T., A.J. Weaver and A. Schmittner (2004) Modelling carbon cycle feedbacks during abrupt climate change, Quat. Sci. Rev., 23, 431-448.
2003
Saenko, O. A., A. J. Weaver and A. Schmittner (2003) Atlantic deep circulation controlled by freshening in the Southern Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1754, doi:10.1029/2003GL017681. html
Schmittner, A. (2003) Southern Ocean sea ice and radiocarbon ages of glacial bottom waters, Earth and Planet. Sci. Lett., 213, 53-62, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00291-7. html
Meissner, K. J., Schmittner, A. and Weaver, A. J. (2003) The ventilation of the North Atlantic Ocean during the Last Glacial Maximum - a comparison between simulated and observed radiocarbon ages, Paleoceanogr., 18 (2). doi:10.1029/2002PA000762. html
Schmittner, A., Saenko, O. A. and Weaver,A. J. (2003) Coupling of the hemispheres in observations and simulations of glacial climate change, Quat. Sci. Rev., 22, 659-671.doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00184-1. html
2002
Saenko, O. A., Schmittner, A. and Weaver, A. J. (2002) On the role of wind-driven sea ice motion on ocean ventilation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 3376-3395.
Meissner, K. J., Schmittner, A., Wiebe, E. C. and Weaver, A. J. (2002) Simulations of Heinrich Events in a coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 10.1029/2001GL013514.
Schmittner, A., Meissner, K. J., Eby, M. and Weaver, A. J. (2002) Forcing of the deep ocean circulation in simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum, Paleoceanogr., 17, 10.1029/2001PA000633. html
Schmittner, A. and Clement, A. C. (2002) Sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation to tropical and high latitude freshwater forcing during the last glacial-interglacial cycle, Paleoceanogr., 17, 10.1029/2000PA000591. html
Schmittner, A., Yoshimori, M. and Weaver, A. J. (2002) Instability of glacial climate in a model of the ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere system, Science, 295, 1489-1493. Abstract
2001
Weaver, A. J., Eby, M., Wiebe, E. C., Bitz, C. M., Duffy, P. B., Ewen, T. L., Fanning, A. F., Holland, M. M., MacFadyen, A., Saenko, O., Schmittner, A., Wang, H. and Yoshimori,M. (2001) The UVic Earth System Climate Model: Model Description, Climatology and Applications to Past, Present and Future Climates, Atmos.-Ocean, 4, 361-428.
Schmittner, A. and Weaver, A. J. (2001) Dependence of multiple climate states on ocean mixing parameters, Geoph. Res. Let., 28, 1027-1030.
Schmittner, A. and Stocker, T. F., (2001) A seasonally forced model for paleoclimate studies, J. Climate, 14, 1055-1068.
2000
Appenzeller, C., Stocker, T.F., and Schmittner, A. (2000) Climate change and natural climate variability: chance for surprise? Integr. Assessment, 1, 301-306.
Schmittner, A., Appenzeller, C. and Stocker, T. F. (2000) Enhanced Atlantic freshwater export during El Nino, Geoph. Res. Let., 27, 1163-1166.
Schmittner, A., Appenzeller, C. and Stocker, T. F. (2000) Validation of parametrisations for the meridional energy and moisture transport used in simple climate models, Clim. Dyn., 16, 63-77.
1999
Joos, F., Plattner, G.-K., Stocker, T.F., Marchal, O. and Schmittner, A. (1999) Global warming and marine carbon cycle feedbacks on future atmospheric CO2, Science, 284, 464-467. Abstract
Schmittner, A. and Stocker, T. F. (1999) The stability of the thermohaline circulation in global warming experiments, J. Climate, 12,1117-1133.
1997
Stocker, T. F. and Schmittner, A. (1997) Influence of CO2 emission rates on the stability of the thermohaline circulation, Nature, 388, 862-865. html
