College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences

Specialty

Use of geophysical imaging methods (primarily magnetotelluric and electromagnetic, also including seismic, potential fields) to study the structure, fluid distribution, composition, temperature and state of the Earth's interior from the near-surface scale to the deep mantle. High performance computation including massively parallel architectures. Instrumentation and sensor research and development. Conventional and alternative energy including hydrocarbons, marine hydrokinetic and wind, and geothermal power. Studies of fluid flow in cracked, porous, reactive media including seafloor hydrothermal systems.

Important Links

• National Geoelectromagnetic Facility
• OpenEM Virtual Institute for Electromagnetic Geophysics
• EarthScope Magnetotelluric Program

In the News

• PNNL and Oregon State University researchers will explore the potential of volcanic heat for energy

Current Research

EarthScope Magnetotelluric Program Project Manager, directing systematic 3D mapping of the electrical resistivity structure of the continental USA.

Development of a SMART Service System for the electric power grid, assimilating space weather data, magnetotelluric data, sensor streams from the power grid, and machine learning to mitigate damage to the power grid from geomagnetically induced currents resulting from geomagnetic disturbances caused by space weather and by electromagnetic pulse weapons.

Novel use of combined geophysical and geochemical methods to study Enhanced Geothermal Systems (e.g. Newberry Volcano) in 4D to understand hydrologic impact of hydrofracturing, and to optimize geothermal production and reservoir longevity by combining 4D magnetotelluric/controlled source audiofrequency magnetotelluric observations with high density gravity, interferometric radar, and aqueous geochemical analysis.

Studies of the fluid distribution and high resolution structure of the Cascadia convergent margin through a large scale 3D onshore-offshore magnetotelluric array.

Investigation of the roots of the Cascade volcanic aarc in southern Washington State, at Mt St Helens, Mt Adams and Mt Rainier through a combined long-period and wideband magnetotelluric and active/passive seismic array.

Detailed multidisciplinary investigation of the northern Mid-Continent Rift region in the North American mid-continent region, combining magnetotelluric, seismic and complementary investigations.

Development of a new generation of ultrawideband electromagnetic receivers and operation of the US National Geoelectromagnetic Facility (NGF.oregonstate.edu; OpenEM.org), a series of national instrument pools operated by Oregon State University on behalf of the US academic community.

Development of a "Multiphysics Bottom Lander" instrument combining wideband seismometer, electric field and magnetic field receivers and sensors with a high fidelity (32-bit digitizer) data acquisition system, acoustic telemetry, and a 4000m depth rated trawl resistant instrument housing with carbon fiber pressure housings to provide no electromagnetic field signature that would distort measurements of EM fields.

Measurement of marine EM fields at marine wave energy converter facilities offshore Oregon.

Development of algorithms to solve the forward problem of electromagnetic induction in the Earth that run efficiently on massively parallel sets of general purpose graphical processing units (GPUs).

Development of non-Fourier based spectral analysis methods for timeseries influences by Earth and ocean tides.

Development of new array-based marine magnetotelluric/controlled source electromagnetic signal analysis algorithms.

Other interests include physical, chemical, and geomicrobiological influences on sea floor hydrothermal processes; geophysical inverse theory, long-term multidisciplinary ocean observations.

Education

BSc, Brown University (Geology, Physics, Mathematics), 1979
MA, Cambridge University (St. Edmund's College), 1995
PhD, University of Washington (Geophysics), 1986

Experience

• Title: Professor, Geology & Geophysics Disciplinary Group
  Employer: College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Tel. +1-541-737-9832
  Service dates: August 2003-Present
  Duties: Tenured Professor responsible for securing research funding, initiating and conducting independent research program, supervising technical and academic staff, teaching, service on college, university, national and international committees, advising students and postdoctoral researchers, publishing peer reviewed scientific journal articles and other scholarly outputs
   
• Title: Program Director
  Employer National Science Foundation, Geoscience Directorate, Division of Ocean Sciences, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Tel. +1-703-292-8580
  Service Dates: July 2006-July 2008
  Duties: Responsibility for Marine Geology & Geophysics core program, organizing and analyzing proposal reviews, organizing and running panels, making proposal funding award/decline decisions, running the Ridge2000 Program and the US national Ocean Bottom Seismic Program as well as special projects as assigned, collaborating closely with colleagues in Ocean Section, with particularly close association with Biological and Chemical Oceanography as part of Ridge2000 duties
   
• Title: Head of School and Professor
  Employer: School of Earth, Ocean & Planetary Sciences, Cardiff University, United Kingdom. Tel. +44-29-2087-4830
  Service Dates: March 2000- August 2003 (Head of School 2001-2003); Adjunct Professor 2003-2007
  Duties: Tenured Professor and Head of School responsible for financial, business, academic, human resource, strategic planning and health and safety functions of large geoscience research and teaching unit; responsible for securing research funding, initiating and conducting research program, supervising technical and academic staff, service on college, university, national and international committees, advising students, postdoctoral researchers, publishing peer reviewed scientific journal articles and other scholarly outputs
   
• Title: University Lecturer, Institute of Theoretical Geophysics
  Employer: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Also Fellow, St. Edmund’s College, Cambridge. Tel. +44-1223-33-3400
  Service Dates: January 1992 – March 2000
  Duties: Tenured University Lecturer, responsible for securing research funding, initiating and conducting independent research program, supervising technical and academic staff, teaching, service on college, university, national and international committees, briefing government departments on national science policy issues, advising students, postdoctoral researchers, publishing peer reviewed scientific journal articles and other scholarly outputs
   
• Title: Affiliate Professor
  Employer: Dept. of Earth & Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
  Service Dates: 1994-2004
  Duties: Collaborate with other faculty and with students in graduate program in geophysics, participate in research programs, present seminars
   
• Title: Adjunct Scientist
  Employer: Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
  Service Dates: 1999-2001
  Duties: Collaborate with other researchers and with students in geophysics, participate in research programs, present seminars
   
• Title: Research Assistant Professor, Marine Geology and Geophysics
  Employer: School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
  Service Dates: 1986-1991. Tel. +1-206-543-5060
  Duties: Responsible for securing research funding, initiating and conducting independent research program, supervising technical and academic staff, teaching, service on college, university, national and international committees, advising students, postdoctoral researchers, publishing peer reviewed scientific journal articles and other scholarly outputs
   
• Title: Cecil and Ida Green Scholar
  Employer: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ. California San Diego
  Service Dates: 1985-1986
  Duties: Independent postdoctoral research position in geoelectromagnetic geophysics
   
• Title: Research Assistant & Pre-Doctoral Research Associate
  Employer: Graduate Program in Geophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
  Service Dates: 1979-1985
  Duties: Carried out directed research program under supervision of Dr. Jimmy Larsen (NOAA), Dr. John Booker (University of Washington)
   
• Title: Research Associate
  Employer: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
  Service Dates: 1979
  Duties: Data analysis technician employed by Dr. Charles S. Cox to develop analysis package for first seafloor controlled source electromagnetic experiment on East Pacific Rise
   
• Title: Geophysics technician; scientific applications programmer, mainframe IBM 360/67 computer systems operator
  Employer: Brown University
  Service Dates: 1975-1979
  Duties: Employed at various times as geophysical technician working under Professor John Hermance responsible for instrument fabrication and field work in New Mexico; finite element deformation modeler working under Professor Marc Parmentier; computer operator responsible for all aspects of IBM 360/67 operations, proficient in routine hardware maintenance and IBM job control language as well as variety of other higher level computer languages

Professional Experience

Consultant, Electromagnetic Geoservice ASA (emgs.com)	2011-present
Consultant, SAIC	2009-2011
Consultant, Endor International Exploration Ltd. (oil industry)	2008
Expert Witness, international patent litigation (oil industry) in marine CSEM	2007-2011
Director, Earth-Ocean Systems Ltd., a UK-registered company developing sensors and marine instrumentation for extreme environments	1999-2006
Seismic consultant, Flow Research Corporation	1989-1991
Partner in scientific software development company	1983-1985
Geophysical consultant for Harco Corporation, Houston and TOTAL Oil Marine, North Sea	1981-1983
Physical Scientist WAE, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle	1981-1982
Geophysicist WAE, US Geological Survey, Menlo Park and Seattle	1981-1982
Assistant Geophysicist, Union Oil Company of California, Brea California	1981

Professional Societies

• Life Member, American Geophysical Union
• Fellow, Royal Astronomical Society
• Active Member, Society of Exploration Geophysicists
• Member of the Seismological Society of America

Courses

OSU Teaching

• Advanced Geophysical Time Series Analysis GPH689, OSU COAS, 2004/5.
   
• Geodynamics, GPH 651, OSU Spring 2006, Winter 2009/10 (with Anne Trehu), Planned Winter 2011/12.
   
• Proposal Writing (required core class for MG&G graduate students, optional for others), OC 691, OSU Winter 2008/9, Spring 2010, Spring 2011, and Spring 2012.
   
• High Performance Computation: Large-scale modeling in the Earth System Sciences, GPH689, OSU COAS, Winter 2010/11.

NON OSU Teaching

• Cardiff Earth Sciences lectures for “Coastal Geology, Hydrography” 2002. Undergraduate supervision.
   
• Cambridge Earth Science IIA, G2 “Ridges and the Seafloor”, Lent 1997/98, 1999/00.
   
• Cambridge Earth Science IIA, M1 “Mineralogy of the Deep Earth and Planetary Interiors”, Lent 1997/98.
   
• Cambridge Earth Science IB "Mineralogy", Michaelmas 1999.
   
• Cambridge NST IA Maths, “Fourier Series, Matrices and Functional Analysis”, Easter 1992-1995.
   
• Cambridge Post-grad course, “Fundamentals of Inverse Theory”, Lent 1994.
   
• Cambridge DAMTP III, “Geophysical Inverse Theory”, Lent 1995, Michaelmas 1995-96.
   
• Cambridge Earth Science II “Geochemistry”, Easter 1996, 1997.
   
• Cambridge Earth Science Long Break short course, “Spectral Analysis”, 1993.
   
• Univ. Washington Oceanography 600, 800 1986 - 1991. (Research courses)
   
• Univ. Washington Oceanography 556: “Signals, Noise, Errors and Estimators for Physical Data”, 1989, 1991.
   
• Internal Examiner (Cambridge), Natural Science Mathematics, 1995, 1996. Examiner Part III Mathematics, 1995.

Graduate Students

• Zhihai Qiu — M.Sc. UW 1989, “A boundary element method for seafloor self potential”
   
• Tianshan Zhang — Ph.D. UW 1992, “Three-dimensional electromagnetic induction in a spherical Earth”
   
• Penelope Dickson — Ph.D. Cambridge 1998, “Modelling fluid flow in seafloor hydrothermal systems”
   
• Amy Davis — 1999-2000, Cambridge, “thermoelastic defor­mation of ocean lithosphere”- transferred to Dr. M. Bickle when I relocated to Cardiff
   
• Tim Jupp — Ph.D. Cambridge 2000, “Tidal response and thermodynamics of hydrothermal systems”
   
• Geoff Pritchard — Ph.D Cambridge 2000: “Electromagnetic induction in a heterogeneous sphere: a 3D inversion for conductivity in Earth’s upper mantle”.
   
• Aoife Mulhall — Ph.D. Cambridge 2003. “A full waveform approach to electromagnetic sounding of the Earth”
   
• Anna Kelbert — Ph.D. Cardiff University, 2006, “Geophysical inverse theory applied to reconstruction of large-scale heterogeneities in electrical conductivity of Earth’s mantle”
   
• Philip Taylor — Ph.D. Cardiff University, 2008, Cardiff University, Grid-based instrumentation design
   
• Daniel Wisdom — 2004-2005, Oregon State University, M.Sc. student
   
• L Roy Bonner IC — M.S. OSU 2017, “Geomagnetically induced currents in the power grid”
   
• Esteban Bowles-Martinez — current - Ph.D. research in magnetotellurics.

Collaborations

Paul Vincent (OSU), Gary Egbert (OSU), Paul Bedrosian (USGS), Dean Livelybrooks (UO), Scott Urquhart (Zonge), Kelly Rose (DOE/NETL), Ken Creager (UW), John Vidale (UW), Clifford Thurber (U. Wisconsin), Geoff Abers (LDEO), ALan Levander (Rice U.), Seth Stein (U Chicago), Randy Keller (U Oklahoma).

Publications

Weiss, C.J. & A. Schultz, Inductive Self Heating of the Earth’s Interior, in prep for submission to Nature Geosciences, 2012.

Schultz, A., Chapter on electrical conductivity structure of Earth’s mantle and evidence for water content, in Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth, ed Shun Karato, pub. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, England, in prep.

Kelbert, A., A. Schultz & G. Egbert, Spatial variability of mantle transition zone water content: evidence from global electromagnetic induction data, Nature, 460, doi:10.1038/nature08257, 20 August 2009.

Schultz, A., EMScope: A continental scale magnetotelluric observatory and data discovery resource, Data Sci. J., doi:10.2481/dsj.SS_IGY-009, 2009.

Sarrazin, J., Rodier, P., Tivey, M.K., Singh, H., Schultz, A., Sarradin, P-M, A dual sensor device to estimate fluid flow velocity at diffuse hydrothermal vents, Deep Sea Res. Instruments & Methods, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2009.06.008, 2009.

Kelbert, A., G. Egbert & A. Schultz, Non-Linear Conjugate Gradient Inversion for Global EM Induction: Resolution Studies. Geophys. J. Intl. 173 (2), 365–381 doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03717.x, 2008.

Schultz, A., EM, Lake-bottom Measurements, in Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, ed. D. Gubbins, Springer, 2007.

Schultz, A. & J. Orcutt, Leg 203 Synthesis: Summary of Scientific Results, Proc. Ocean Drilling Prog., 203, Nov. 2006.

Jupp, T. & A. Schultz, The physical balances in subseafloor hydrothermal convection cells, J. Geophys. Res., 109 (B5): Art. No. B05101 MAY 27 2004.

Jupp, T. & A. Schultz,. A poroelastic model for tidal modulation of seafloor hydrothermal systems, J. Geophys. Res., 109, No. B3, B03105, 10.1029/2003JB002583, 2004.

Goto, S., Kinoshita, M., Schultz, A. & R.P. Von Herzen, Estimate of heat flux and its temporal variation at the TAG hydrothermal mound, mid-Atlantic Ridge 26^oN, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B9), 2434, doi:10.1029/2001JB000703, 2003.

Orcutt, J., A. Schultz, T.A. Davies et al., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, 203, 2003.

Fujii, I & A, Schultz, The three-dimensional electromagnetic response of the Earth to ring current and auroral oval excitation, Geophys. J. Intl, 151 (3): 689-709, 2002.

Pérez-Flores, MA & A. Schultz. Application of 2-D Inversion with genetic algorithms to magnetotelluric data from geothermal areas, Earth Planets Space, 54 (5): 607-616, 2002

Jegen, M. M. Everett & A. Schultz, Nonlinear homotopic inversion of controlled source electromagnetic data, Geophysics, 66, Issue 6, 1749-1760, 2001.

Jupp, T. and A. Schultz. A Thermodynamic explanation for the temperature of black smoker venting, Nature, 672, 880-883, 2000.

Cooper, M., H. Elderfield & A. Schultz. Diffuse hydrothermal fluids from Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Vent Field: Evidence for a shallow conductively-heated system, J. Geophys. Res. 105, B8, 19369-19375, 2000.

Uyeshima, M. and A. Schultz. Geoelectromagnetic induction in a heterogeneous sphere: a new 3-D forward solver using a staggered-grid integral formulation, Geophys. J. Intl., 140, 636-650, 2000.

Neal, S.L., R.L. Mackie, J.C. Larsen & A. Schultz. Variations in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle beneath North America and the Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 105, B4, 8229-8242, 2000.

Flynn, M., J. Hines, C. McKay & A. Schultz. Astrobiology Hydrothermal Vent Technology Development, Soc. Automotive Eng. Tech. Paper 2000-01-2342, 2000.

Copley, J.T.P., P.A. Tyler, C.L.Van Dover, A. Schultz, M. Sulanowska, S. Singh & P. Dickson. Subannual temporal variability in faunal distributions at the TAG hydrothermal mound (26 degrees N Mid-Atlantic Ridge), Marine Ecolog P S Z N I. 20, 3-4, 291-306, 1999.

Schultz, A. and H. Elderfield. Controls on the physics and chemistry of seafloor hydrothermal circulation, in "Mid-Ocean Ridges" eds. J. Cann, H. Elderfield and T. Laughton, Cambridge University Press, pp 171-210, 1999.

Schultz, A. and G. Pritchard. A three-dimensional inversion for large-scale structure in a spherical domain, in “Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics”, ed B. Spies and M. Oristigliano, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Geophysical Developments Series, v. 7, 451-476, 1999.

Schultz, A. and H. Elderfield. Controls on the physics and chemistry of seafloor hydrothermal circulation, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London, 355, No. 1723, 387-425, 1997.

Schultz, A., R. Herrington and R.W. Nesbitt, 1997. Where are the large hydrothermal sulphide deposits in the oceans? Discussion. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 355, No. 1723, 440-441, 1997.

Jones, A.G. and A. Schultz. Introduction to MT-DIW2 Special Issue, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 49, No. 6,  727-737, 1997.

Schultz, A., P. Dickson and H. Elderfield. Temporal variations in diffuse hydrothermal flow at TAG, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, No. 23, 3471-3474, 1996.

Becker, K., R. Von Herzen, J. Kirklin, R. Evans, D. Kadko, M. Kinoshita, O. Matsubayashi, R. Mills, A. Schultz and P. Rona. Conductive heat flow at the TAG active hydrothermal mound: Results from 1993-1995 submersible surveys, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, No. 23, 3463-3466, 1996.

Everett, M.E. and A. Schultz. Geomagnetic induction in a heterogeneous sphere: azimuthally symmetric test computations and the response of an undulating 660-km discontinuity. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2765-2783, 1996.

Elderfield, H., and A. Schultz. Mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluxes and the chemical composition of the ocean, Ann. Rev. Earth and Planet. Sci., 24, 191-224, 1996.

Elderfield, H., A. Schultz, R. James, P. Dickson, M. Greaves, R. Mills, D. Cowan, and B. Nesbitt. Brent Spar or Broken Spur?, Nature, 376, 208, 1995.

Dickson, P., A. Schultz, and A. Woods. Preliminary modeling of hydrothermal circulation within mid-ocean ridge sulphide structures, in Hydrothermal Vents and Processes, (ed. Parson, L.M. et al), Geological Society Special Publication No. 87, 145-157, 1995.

Schultz, A. and G. Pritchard. Inversion for the three-dimensional structure of the Earth’s mantle: rapid convergence through spectral methods, stiff solvers, and interpolation and integration on a convex hull, in “Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics, Proceedings of an international symposium in honor of Jerry Hohmann”, pp. 429-452, Schlumberger-Doll Research, 1995.

Everett, M.E., C.J. Weiss and A. Schultz. Electromagnetic induction in a heterogeneous sphere, in “Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics, Proceedings of an international symposium in honor of Jerry Hohmann”, pp. 53-62, Schlumberger-Doll Research, 1995.

Everett, M.E., and A. Schultz. Geomagnetic induction in eccentrically nested spheres, Phys. Earth Planet. Int.,92, 189-198, 1995.

Lizarralde, D., A. Chave, G. Hirth, and A. Schultz. Long period magnetotelluric study using Hawaii-to-California submarine cable data: implications for mantle conductivity, J Geophys. Res., 100, No. B9, 17,873-17,854, 1995.

BRAVEX scientific team, BRAVEX/94: a joint British-Russian expedition to the Broken Spur (29oN) & TAG (26^oN) hydrothermal vent sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. BRIDGE Newslett., 7, 6-9, 1994.

Schultz, A. and T.S. Zhang. Regularised spherical harmonic analysis and the three dimensional electromagnetic response of the earth, Geophys. J. Intl, 116, No. 1, 141-156, 1994.

Dubois, J., V. Ballu, P. Beuzart, S. Bonvalot, C. Deplus, M. Diament, C. Durand, A., Dubreule, M-F Esnoult, A. Schultz and P. Tarits, The GRAVINAUT Cruise: seafloor gravity and electromagnetism at the MARK-Snake Pit area. InterRidge News 3, 3-6, 1994.

Schultz, A., R.D. Kurtz, A.D. Chave, and A.G. Jones. Conductivity discontinuities in the upper mantle beneath a stable craton, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2941-2944, 1993.

Schultz, A. and V. Yu. Semenov. Modelirovanie Strykturi elektroprovodnosti mantii zemli (in Russian) “Modeling the electrical conductivity structure of the earth’s mantle”, Phyzika Zemli (Phys. Earth Russian Acad. Sci.), No. 10, 39-44, 1993.

Everett, M.E., and A. Schultz. Two dimensional nonlinear magnetotelluric inversion using a genetic algorithm, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 45, 1013-1026, 1993.

Tarits, P., A.D. Chave and A. Schultz. Comment on “The electrical conductivity of the oceanic lithosphere”, Geophys. J. Intl. 114, 711-716, 1993.

Schultz, A., J.R. Delaney, R.E. McDuff. On the partitioning of heat flux between diffuse and point source seafloor venting, J. Geophys. Res., 97, No. B9, 12299-12314, 1992.

Zhang, T.S., and A. Schultz. A three-dimensional perturbation solution for the EM induction problem in a spherical earth - the forward problem, Geophys. J. Intl., 111, 319-334, 1992.

Egbert, G., J. Booker, and A. Schultz. Very long period magnetotellurics at Tucson Observatory: Estimation of Impedances, J. Geophys. Res., 97, No. B11, 15113-15128, 1992.

Webb, S.C., and A. Schultz. Very low frequency ambient noise at the seafloor under the Beaufort Sea Icecap, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 91, 1429-1439, 1992.

Jacobson, R.S., L.M. Dorman, G.M. Purdy, A. Schultz, and S.C. Solomon. New ocean bottom seismometer facilities available for use, EOSTrans. Am. Geophys. Union, 72, No. 46, pp 506 & 515, 1991.

Schultz, A. On the vertical gradient and lateral heterogeneity in midmantle electrical conductivity. Phys. Earth Plan. Int., 64, 68-86, 1990.

Zhang, T.S. and A. Schultz. Exorcise - an algorithm for detection of spurious values and prediction of missing data, Computers in Geosciences, 16, No. 8, 1072-1065, 1990.

Schultz, A. and J.C. Larsen. On the electrical conductivity of the mid-mantle: 2-Delineation of heterogeneity by application of extremal inverse solutions, Geophy. J. Intl., 101, 565-580, 1990.

Sauter, A., J. Hallinan, R. Currier, B. Wooding, A. Schultz, L. Dorman, A New Ocean Bottom Seismometer. Marine Technology Society, “Marine Instrumentation ‘90” proceedings, 1990.

Schultz, A. and R. Strickland. Electromagnetic instrumentation in seafloor ridge and margin studies. Sea Technology, August 1990.

The EMSLAB Group. The EMSLAB electromagnetic sounding experiment, EOS, 69, No. 7, 89-99, 1988.

Schultz, A., J.R. Booker and J.C. Larsen. Lakebottom magnetotellurics, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10639-10649, 1987.

Schultz, A. and J.C. Larsen. On the electrical conductivity of the mid-mantle: 1- Calculation of equivalent scalar magnetotelluric response functions, Geophy. J. R. astr. Soc., 88, 733-762, 1987.

Schultz, A. and J.C. Larsen. Analysis of zonal field morphology and data quality for a global set of magnetic observatory daily mean values, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 35, 835-846, 1983.

Schultz, A., C.P. Weldon and M.T.S. Ling. Telluric current effects on cathodic protection potential measurements on subsea pipelines, Materials Performance, 22, No. 8, 43-47, 1983.

Book reviews

Reviewed for Nature, 1994. Limits to knowledge, a review of [Geophysical Inverse Theory. By Robert L. Parker. Princeton University Press: 1994. Pp. 386. 30.00, $39.50 (hbk)]; Nature, 372, pp142, 1994.

(Unpublished Manuscripts and Reports)

Schultz, A. Signals, noise, errors and estimators for physical data: A text for Oceanography 556B. Textbook for graduate level course, 132 pages + handouts, University of Washington, 1989.

Schultz, A. and T.S. Zhang. Discordance testing and robust prediction in geophysical time series.

Booker, J., and A. Schultz. Geophysical Inverse Theory Notes. Textbook for post-graduate course. University of Washington and Cambridge University.

Schultz, A. Mineralogy of the Deep Earth and Planetary Interiors: A text. Textbook for Part II students (extended lecture notes with full narrative, in print and HTML formats)

Schultz A. Ridge Crests: A text. Textbook for Part II students (extended lecture notes with full narrative, in print and HTML formats)

Chave, A., A.W. Green, R.L. Evans, J.H. Filloux, L.K.Law, R.A. Pettit, J.L. Rasson, A. Schultz, F.N. Spiess, P. Tarits, M. Tivey and S.C. Webb, Report of a Workshop on Technical Approaches to Construction of a Seafloor Geomagnetic Observatory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report WHOI-95-12.

Orcutt, J. and A. Schultz. Deep Earth Observatories on the Seafloor - Global Scales, whitepaper submitted to the US National Science Foundation as a planning document for a new international scientific programme.

Toh, H., A. Schultz & M. Uyeshima, Geoelectromagnetic induction in a heterogeneous sphere: a stabilized biconjugate gradient solution and its acceleration over multiple frequencies.

Abstracts

First author or co-author of considerably more than one hundred twenty published abstracts.