Use of geophysical imaging methods (primarily magnetotelluric and electromagnetic, also including seismic, potential fields) to study the structure, fluid distribution, composition, temperature and state of the Earth's interior from the near-surface scale to the deep mantle. High performance computation including massively parallel architectures. Instrumentation and sensor research and development. Conventional and alternative energy including hydrocarbons, marine hydrokinetic and wind, and geothermal power. Studies of fluid flow in cracked, porous, reactive media including seafloor hydrothermal systems.
EarthScope Magnetotelluric Program Project Manager, directing systematic 3D mapping of the electrical resistivity structure of the continental USA.
Development of a SMART Service System for the electric power grid, assimilating space weather data, magnetotelluric data, sensor streams from the power grid, and machine learning to mitigate damage to the power grid from geomagnetically induced currents resulting from geomagnetic disturbances caused by space weather and by electromagnetic pulse weapons.
Novel use of combined geophysical and geochemical methods to study Enhanced Geothermal Systems (e.g. Newberry Volcano) in 4D to understand hydrologic impact of hydrofracturing, and to optimize geothermal production and reservoir longevity by combining 4D magnetotelluric/controlled source audiofrequency magnetotelluric observations with high density gravity, interferometric radar, and aqueous geochemical analysis.
Studies of the fluid distribution and high resolution structure of the Cascadia convergent margin through a large scale 3D onshore-offshore magnetotelluric array.
Investigation of the roots of the Cascade volcanic aarc in southern Washington State, at Mt St Helens, Mt Adams and Mt Rainier through a combined long-period and wideband magnetotelluric and active/passive seismic array.
Detailed multidisciplinary investigation of the northern Mid-Continent Rift region in the North American mid-continent region, combining magnetotelluric, seismic and complementary investigations.
Development of a new generation of ultrawideband electromagnetic receivers and operation of the US National Geoelectromagnetic Facility (NGF.oregonstate.edu; OpenEM.org), a series of national instrument pools operated by Oregon State University on behalf of the US academic community.
Development of a "Multiphysics Bottom Lander" instrument combining wideband seismometer, electric field and magnetic field receivers and sensors with a high fidelity (32-bit digitizer) data acquisition system, acoustic telemetry, and a 4000m depth rated trawl resistant instrument housing with carbon fiber pressure housings to provide no electromagnetic field signature that would distort measurements of EM fields.
Measurement of marine EM fields at marine wave energy converter facilities offshore Oregon.
Development of algorithms to solve the forward problem of electromagnetic induction in the Earth that run efficiently on massively parallel sets of general purpose graphical processing units (GPUs).
Development of non-Fourier based spectral analysis methods for timeseries influences by Earth and ocean tides.
Development of new array-based marine magnetotelluric/controlled source electromagnetic signal analysis algorithms.
Other interests include physical, chemical, and geomicrobiological influences on sea floor hydrothermal processes; geophysical inverse theory, long-term multidisciplinary ocean observations.
BSc, Brown University (Geology, Physics, Mathematics), 1979
MA, Cambridge University (St. Edmund's College), 1995
PhD, University of Washington (Geophysics), 1986
Consultant, Electromagnetic Geoservice ASA (emgs.com) | 2011-present |
Consultant, SAIC | 2009-2011 |
Consultant, Endor International Exploration Ltd. (oil industry) | 2008 |
Expert Witness, international patent litigation (oil industry) in marine CSEM | 2007-2011 |
Director, Earth-Ocean Systems Ltd., a UK-registered company developing sensors and marine instrumentation for extreme environments | 1999-2006 |
Seismic consultant, Flow Research Corporation | 1989-1991 |
Partner in scientific software development company | 1983-1985 |
Geophysical consultant for Harco Corporation, Houston and TOTAL Oil Marine, North Sea | 1981-1983 |
Physical Scientist WAE, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle | 1981-1982 |
Geophysicist WAE, US Geological Survey, Menlo Park and Seattle | 1981-1982 |
Assistant Geophysicist, Union Oil Company of California, Brea California | 1981 |
Paul Vincent (OSU), Gary Egbert (OSU), Paul Bedrosian (USGS), Dean Livelybrooks (UO), Scott Urquhart (Zonge), Kelly Rose (DOE/NETL), Ken Creager (UW), John Vidale (UW), Clifford Thurber (U. Wisconsin), Geoff Abers (LDEO), ALan Levander (Rice U.), Seth Stein (U Chicago), Randy Keller (U Oklahoma).
Weiss, C.J. & A. Schultz, Inductive Self Heating of the Earth’s Interior, in prep for submission to Nature Geosciences, 2012.
Schultz, A., Chapter on electrical conductivity structure of Earth’s mantle and evidence for water content, in Physics and Chemistry of the Deep Earth, ed Shun Karato, pub. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, England, in prep.
Kelbert, A., A. Schultz & G. Egbert, Spatial variability of mantle transition zone water content: evidence from global electromagnetic induction data, Nature, 460, doi:10.1038/nature08257, 20 August 2009.
Schultz, A., EMScope: A continental scale magnetotelluric observatory and data discovery resource, Data Sci. J., doi:10.2481/dsj.SS_IGY-009, 2009.
Sarrazin, J., Rodier, P., Tivey, M.K., Singh, H., Schultz, A., Sarradin, P-M, A dual sensor device to estimate fluid flow velocity at diffuse hydrothermal vents, Deep Sea Res. Instruments & Methods, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2009.06.008, 2009.
Kelbert, A., G. Egbert & A. Schultz, Non-Linear Conjugate Gradient Inversion for Global EM Induction: Resolution Studies. Geophys. J. Intl. 173 (2), 365–381 doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03717.x, 2008.
Schultz, A., EM, Lake-bottom Measurements, in Encyclopedia of Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism, ed. D. Gubbins, Springer, 2007.
Schultz, A. & J. Orcutt, Leg 203 Synthesis: Summary of Scientific Results, Proc. Ocean Drilling Prog., 203, Nov. 2006.
Jupp, T. & A. Schultz, The physical balances in subseafloor hydrothermal convection cells, J. Geophys. Res., 109 (B5): Art. No. B05101 MAY 27 2004.
Jupp, T. & A. Schultz,. A poroelastic model for tidal modulation of seafloor hydrothermal systems, J. Geophys. Res., 109, No. B3, B03105, 10.1029/2003JB002583, 2004.
Goto, S., Kinoshita, M., Schultz, A. & R.P. Von Herzen, Estimate of heat flux and its temporal variation at the TAG hydrothermal mound, mid-Atlantic Ridge 26oN, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B9), 2434, doi:10.1029/2001JB000703, 2003.
Orcutt, J., A. Schultz, T.A. Davies et al., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, 203, 2003.
Fujii, I & A, Schultz, The three-dimensional electromagnetic response of the Earth to ring current and auroral oval excitation, Geophys. J. Intl, 151 (3): 689-709, 2002.
Pérez-Flores, MA & A. Schultz. Application of 2-D Inversion with genetic algorithms to magnetotelluric data from geothermal areas, Earth Planets Space, 54 (5): 607-616, 2002
Jegen, M. M. Everett & A. Schultz, Nonlinear homotopic inversion of controlled source electromagnetic data, Geophysics, 66, Issue 6, 1749-1760, 2001.
Jupp, T. and A. Schultz. A Thermodynamic explanation for the temperature of black smoker venting, Nature, 672, 880-883, 2000.
Cooper, M., H. Elderfield & A. Schultz. Diffuse hydrothermal fluids from Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Vent Field: Evidence for a shallow conductively-heated system, J. Geophys. Res. 105, B8, 19369-19375, 2000.
Uyeshima, M. and A. Schultz. Geoelectromagnetic induction in a heterogeneous sphere: a new 3-D forward solver using a staggered-grid integral formulation, Geophys. J. Intl., 140, 636-650, 2000.
Neal, S.L., R.L. Mackie, J.C. Larsen & A. Schultz. Variations in the electrical conductivity of the upper mantle beneath North America and the Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 105, B4, 8229-8242, 2000.
Flynn, M., J. Hines, C. McKay & A. Schultz. Astrobiology Hydrothermal Vent Technology Development, Soc. Automotive Eng. Tech. Paper 2000-01-2342, 2000.
Copley, J.T.P., P.A. Tyler, C.L.Van Dover, A. Schultz, M. Sulanowska, S. Singh & P. Dickson. Subannual temporal variability in faunal distributions at the TAG hydrothermal mound (26 degrees N Mid-Atlantic Ridge), Marine Ecolog P S Z N I. 20, 3-4, 291-306, 1999.
Schultz, A. and H. Elderfield. Controls on the physics and chemistry of seafloor hydrothermal circulation, in "Mid-Ocean Ridges" eds. J. Cann, H. Elderfield and T. Laughton, Cambridge University Press, pp 171-210, 1999.
Schultz, A. and G. Pritchard. A three-dimensional inversion for large-scale structure in a spherical domain, in “Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics”, ed B. Spies and M. Oristigliano, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Geophysical Developments Series, v. 7, 451-476, 1999.
Schultz, A. and H. Elderfield. Controls on the physics and chemistry of seafloor hydrothermal circulation, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London, 355, No. 1723, 387-425, 1997.
Schultz, A., R. Herrington and R.W. Nesbitt, 1997. Where are the large hydrothermal sulphide deposits in the oceans? Discussion. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 355, No. 1723, 440-441, 1997.
Jones, A.G. and A. Schultz. Introduction to MT-DIW2 Special Issue, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 49, No. 6, 727-737, 1997.
Schultz, A., P. Dickson and H. Elderfield. Temporal variations in diffuse hydrothermal flow at TAG, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, No. 23, 3471-3474, 1996.
Becker, K., R. Von Herzen, J. Kirklin, R. Evans, D. Kadko, M. Kinoshita, O. Matsubayashi, R. Mills, A. Schultz and P. Rona. Conductive heat flow at the TAG active hydrothermal mound: Results from 1993-1995 submersible surveys, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, No. 23, 3463-3466, 1996.
Everett, M.E. and A. Schultz. Geomagnetic induction in a heterogeneous sphere: azimuthally symmetric test computations and the response of an undulating 660-km discontinuity. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 2765-2783, 1996.
Elderfield, H., and A. Schultz. Mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluxes and the chemical composition of the ocean, Ann. Rev. Earth and Planet. Sci., 24, 191-224, 1996.
Elderfield, H., A. Schultz, R. James, P. Dickson, M. Greaves, R. Mills, D. Cowan, and B. Nesbitt. Brent Spar or Broken Spur?, Nature, 376, 208, 1995.
Dickson, P., A. Schultz, and A. Woods. Preliminary modeling of hydrothermal circulation within mid-ocean ridge sulphide structures, in Hydrothermal Vents and Processes, (ed. Parson, L.M. et al), Geological Society Special Publication No. 87, 145-157, 1995.
Schultz, A. and G. Pritchard. Inversion for the three-dimensional structure of the Earth’s mantle: rapid convergence through spectral methods, stiff solvers, and interpolation and integration on a convex hull, in “Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics, Proceedings of an international symposium in honor of Jerry Hohmann”, pp. 429-452, Schlumberger-Doll Research, 1995.
Everett, M.E., C.J. Weiss and A. Schultz. Electromagnetic induction in a heterogeneous sphere, in “Three-Dimensional Electromagnetics, Proceedings of an international symposium in honor of Jerry Hohmann”, pp. 53-62, Schlumberger-Doll Research, 1995.
Everett, M.E., and A. Schultz. Geomagnetic induction in eccentrically nested spheres, Phys. Earth Planet. Int.,92, 189-198, 1995.
Lizarralde, D., A. Chave, G. Hirth, and A. Schultz. Long period magnetotelluric study using Hawaii-to-California submarine cable data: implications for mantle conductivity, J Geophys. Res., 100, No. B9, 17,873-17,854, 1995.
BRAVEX scientific team, BRAVEX/94: a joint British-Russian expedition to the Broken Spur (29oN) & TAG (26oN) hydrothermal vent sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. BRIDGE Newslett., 7, 6-9, 1994.
Schultz, A. and T.S. Zhang. Regularised spherical harmonic analysis and the three dimensional electromagnetic response of the earth, Geophys. J. Intl, 116, No. 1, 141-156, 1994.
Dubois, J., V. Ballu, P. Beuzart, S. Bonvalot, C. Deplus, M. Diament, C. Durand, A., Dubreule, M-F Esnoult, A. Schultz and P. Tarits, The GRAVINAUT Cruise: seafloor gravity and electromagnetism at the MARK-Snake Pit area. InterRidge News 3, 3-6, 1994.
Schultz, A., R.D. Kurtz, A.D. Chave, and A.G. Jones. Conductivity discontinuities in the upper mantle beneath a stable craton, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2941-2944, 1993.
Schultz, A. and V. Yu. Semenov. Modelirovanie Strykturi elektroprovodnosti mantii zemli (in Russian) “Modeling the electrical conductivity structure of the earth’s mantle”, Phyzika Zemli (Phys. Earth Russian Acad. Sci.), No. 10, 39-44, 1993.
Everett, M.E., and A. Schultz. Two dimensional nonlinear magnetotelluric inversion using a genetic algorithm, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 45, 1013-1026, 1993.
Tarits, P., A.D. Chave and A. Schultz. Comment on “The electrical conductivity of the oceanic lithosphere”, Geophys. J. Intl. 114, 711-716, 1993.
Schultz, A., J.R. Delaney, R.E. McDuff. On the partitioning of heat flux between diffuse and point source seafloor venting, J. Geophys. Res., 97, No. B9, 12299-12314, 1992.
Zhang, T.S., and A. Schultz. A three-dimensional perturbation solution for the EM induction problem in a spherical earth - the forward problem, Geophys. J. Intl., 111, 319-334, 1992.
Egbert, G., J. Booker, and A. Schultz. Very long period magnetotellurics at Tucson Observatory: Estimation of Impedances, J. Geophys. Res., 97, No. B11, 15113-15128, 1992.
Webb, S.C., and A. Schultz. Very low frequency ambient noise at the seafloor under the Beaufort Sea Icecap, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 91, 1429-1439, 1992.
Jacobson, R.S., L.M. Dorman, G.M. Purdy, A. Schultz, and S.C. Solomon. New ocean bottom seismometer facilities available for use, EOSTrans. Am. Geophys. Union, 72, No. 46, pp 506 & 515, 1991.
Schultz, A. On the vertical gradient and lateral heterogeneity in midmantle electrical conductivity. Phys. Earth Plan. Int., 64, 68-86, 1990.
Zhang, T.S. and A. Schultz. Exorcise - an algorithm for detection of spurious values and prediction of missing data, Computers in Geosciences, 16, No. 8, 1072-1065, 1990.
Schultz, A. and J.C. Larsen. On the electrical conductivity of the mid-mantle: 2-Delineation of heterogeneity by application of extremal inverse solutions, Geophy. J. Intl., 101, 565-580, 1990.
Sauter, A., J. Hallinan, R. Currier, B. Wooding, A. Schultz, L. Dorman, A New Ocean Bottom Seismometer. Marine Technology Society, “Marine Instrumentation ‘90” proceedings, 1990.
Schultz, A. and R. Strickland. Electromagnetic instrumentation in seafloor ridge and margin studies. Sea Technology, August 1990.
The EMSLAB Group. The EMSLAB electromagnetic sounding experiment, EOS, 69, No. 7, 89-99, 1988.
Schultz, A., J.R. Booker and J.C. Larsen. Lakebottom magnetotellurics, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 10639-10649, 1987.
Schultz, A. and J.C. Larsen. On the electrical conductivity of the mid-mantle: 1- Calculation of equivalent scalar magnetotelluric response functions, Geophy. J. R. astr. Soc., 88, 733-762, 1987.
Schultz, A. and J.C. Larsen. Analysis of zonal field morphology and data quality for a global set of magnetic observatory daily mean values, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 35, 835-846, 1983.
Schultz, A., C.P. Weldon and M.T.S. Ling. Telluric current effects on cathodic protection potential measurements on subsea pipelines, Materials Performance, 22, No. 8, 43-47, 1983.
Reviewed for Nature, 1994. Limits to knowledge, a review of [Geophysical Inverse Theory. By Robert L. Parker. Princeton University Press: 1994. Pp. 386. 30.00, $39.50 (hbk)]; Nature, 372, pp142, 1994.
(Unpublished Manuscripts and Reports)
Schultz, A. Signals, noise, errors and estimators for physical data: A text for Oceanography 556B. Textbook for graduate level course, 132 pages + handouts, University of Washington, 1989.
Schultz, A. and T.S. Zhang. Discordance testing and robust prediction in geophysical time series.
Booker, J., and A. Schultz. Geophysical Inverse Theory Notes. Textbook for post-graduate course. University of Washington and Cambridge University.
Schultz, A. Mineralogy of the Deep Earth and Planetary Interiors: A text. Textbook for Part II students (extended lecture notes with full narrative, in print and HTML formats)
Schultz A. Ridge Crests: A text. Textbook for Part II students (extended lecture notes with full narrative, in print and HTML formats)
Chave, A., A.W. Green, R.L. Evans, J.H. Filloux, L.K.Law, R.A. Pettit, J.L. Rasson, A. Schultz, F.N. Spiess, P. Tarits, M. Tivey and S.C. Webb, Report of a Workshop on Technical Approaches to Construction of a Seafloor Geomagnetic Observatory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report WHOI-95-12.
Orcutt, J. and A. Schultz. Deep Earth Observatories on the Seafloor - Global Scales, whitepaper submitted to the US National Science Foundation as a planning document for a new international scientific programme.
Toh, H., A. Schultz & M. Uyeshima, Geoelectromagnetic induction in a heterogeneous sphere: a stabilized biconjugate gradient solution and its acceleration over multiple frequencies.
First author or co-author of considerably more than one hundred twenty published abstracts.