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Chief Scientist, PacWave

Specialty

Biogeochemical Oceanography

Research Interests

• Ocean-Margin Carbon Cycling: Study of the processes impacting the state of aqueous carbonate chemistry in estuarine and coastal waters, and effects on ocean acidification and hypoxia.
• Coastal Oceanography: Analysis and synthesis of the physics, biology, and chemistry of the coastal ocean, using observations collected with high-speed sampling and analysis systems.
• Mesoscale Surface Ocean Processes: Study of the physics, biology, and chemistry of the surface ocean, using observations collected with high-speed sampling and analysis systems.
• Analytical Environmental Chemistry: Development of sensors and systems for high-speed and robust measurement of ocean chemistry.
• Benthic Biogeochemistry: In situ field measurements of sediment pore water chemistry and numerical models of transport and chemical kinetics in sediments.

Current Research

Coastal ocean carbon cycles; Ocean acidification monitoring and experimentation; measurement and experimental manipulation technology.

Education

• BS, University of Washington (Chemical Engineering), 1988
• MS, University of Washington (Chemical Oceanography), 1992
• PhD, University of Washington (Chemical Oceanography), 1995

Publications

• Waldbusser, G. G., M. W. Gray, B. Hales, C. J. Langdon, B. A. Haley, I. Gimenez, S. Smith, E. L. Brunner, G. Hutchinson, 2015. Slow shell building by native oyster larvae, a trait for resiliency to acute ocean acidification impacts, Science, submitted.
• Hales, B., A. Suhrbier, G. G. Waldbusser, R. A. Feely, and J. Newton, 2015. The carbonate Chemistry of the ‘fattening line’ Willapa Bay, 2011-2014. Estuaries and Coasts, in review.
• Waldbusser, G. G., B. Hales, C. J. Langdon, B. A. Haley, P. Schrader, E. L. Brunner, M. W. Gray, C. A. Miller, I. Gimenez, and G. Hutchinson, 2015. Ocean acidification has multiple modes of action on bivalve larvae. PLOS ONE, PLoS ONE 10(6): e0128376. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128376 .
• Salisbury, J. B. Jonsson, W. Balch, S. Chakraborty, B. Chapron, B. Hales, S. Lohrenz, A. Mannino, J. Mathis, N. Reul, S. Signorini, D. Vandemark, R. Wanninkhof, and K. Yates, 2015. The role of present and future satellite data for ocean acidification science. Oceanography 28(2):108–121, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.35.
• Barton, A., G. G. Waldbusser, R. A. Feely, S. B. Weisberg, J. A. Newton, B. Hales, S. Cudd, B. Eudeline, C. Langdon, I. Jefferds, T. King, and K. Mclaughlin, 2015. Impacts of coastal acidification on the Pacific Northwest shellfish industry and adaptation strategies implemented in response. Oceanography 28(2):146–159, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.38 y.
• Pfeiffer-Hebert, A., F. Prahl, B. Hales, J. Lerczak, S. Pierce, M. Levine, 2015. High-resolution sampling of methane transport in the Columbia River nearfield plume: Implications for sources and sinks in a river-dominated estuary. Limnol. Oceanogr., in revision.
• Fuchsman, K, A. Devol, Z. Chase, C. Reimers, and B. Hales, 2015. Benthic fluxes on the Oregon shelf. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science, in press.
• *Evans, W., B. Hales, P. Strutton, K. Shearman, and J. Barth, 2015. Failure to bloom:Intense upwelling results in negligible phytoplankton response and prolonged CO2 outgassing over the Oregon Shelf. J. Geophys. Res., doi: 10.1002/2014JC010580.
• Reum, J., S. Alin, N. Bednarsek, R. A. Feely, B. Hales, W. Evans, and P. McElhany, 2015. Temperature-pCO2 covariability in upwelling systems and the design of ocean acidification experiments. Global Change Biology, doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu231.
• Waldbusser, G. G., B. Hales, C. J. Langdon, B. A. Haley, P. Schrader, E. L. Brunner, M. W. Gray, C. A. Miller, and I. Gimenez, 2014. Experimental Evidence for Saturation State Impacts on Early Larval Bivalves. Nature Climate Change, DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2479
• Bednarsek, N., R. A. Feely, J. Reum, W. Peterson, J. Menkel, S. Alin, and B. Hales, 2014. Limacina Helicina shell dissolution indicates habitat decline due to ocean acidification in the California Current Ecosystem. Proc. Royal Sci., Proc. B 2014 281, 20140123.
• *Kavanaugh , M. T., S. Emerson, B. Hales, R. Letelier, D. Lockwood, and P. Quay, 2014. Spatial variability of controls on primary and net community production across North-East Pacific seascapes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 59, 2013–2027, doi:10.4319/lo.2014.59.6.2013.
• *Crosswell, J. R., M. Wetz, B. Hales, and H. Paerl, 2014. Globally-significant CO2 emissions from shallow coastal waters during hurricane passage. Limnology and Oceanography 59, 2014, 1651–1665 doi:10.4319/lo.2014.59.5.1651
• Bakker, D. E. et al. (Hales is 31st of 78 co-authors), 2013. An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2). Earth System Science Data Discussions, 6, 465-512, doi:10.5194/essdd-6-465-2013.
• Waldbusser, G. G., E. Brunner, B. Haley, B. Hales, F. Prahl, and C. Langdon, 2013. A developmental and energetic basis linking larval oyster shell formation to ocean acidification. Geophys. Res. Lett., doi:10.1002/grl.50449.
• *Harris, K.E., M.D. DeGrandpre, and B. Hales, 2013. Aragonite saturation states in a coastal upwelling zone, Geophy. Res. Lett., DOI: 10.1002/grl.50460.
• *Evans, W., B. Hales, and P. Strutton, 2013. Air-water CO2 fluxes in the Columbia River estuary and plume. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 117 260-272 doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2012.12.003.
• *Kavanaugh, M. T., B. Hales, M. Saraceno, Y. H. Spitz, A. E. White, and R. M. Letelier, 2013. Towards a quantitative framework for pelagic seascape ecology. Progress in Oceanography 120, 291-304.
• Takahashi, T., C. Sweeney, B. Hales, D.W. Chipman, T. Newberger, J.G. Goddard,R.A. Iannuzzi, and S.C. Sutherland. 2012. The changing carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean. Oceanography 25(3):26–37, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2012.71.
• Dunne, J. P., B. Hales, and R. Toggweiler, 2012.Implications of sediment CaCO3 preservation efficiency controls for global CaCO3 cycling. Global Biogeochemical Cycles GB3023, doi:10.1029/2010GB003935.
• *Evans, W., B. Hales, P. Strutton, and D. Ianson, 2012. Sea-air CO2 fluxes in the western Canadian coastal margin. Progress in Oceanography, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2012.01.003.
• *Crosswell, J. R., M. Wetz, B, Hales, and H. Paerl, 2012. Air-water CO2 fluxes and dissolved inorganic carbon dynamics in the microtidal, seasonally-stratified Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina J. Geophys. Res. C: Oceans C08017, doi:10.1029/2012JC007925.
• *Barton, A., B. Hales, G. Waldbusser, C. Langdon, and R. Feely, 2012. The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, shows negative correlation to naturally elevated carbon dioxide levels: Implications for near-term ocean acidification impacts. Limnology and Oceanography 57, 698-710, doi:10.4319/lo.2012.57.3.0698.
• Hales, B., P. Strutton, M. Saraceno, R. Letelier, T. Takahashi, R. Feely, C. Sabine, and F. Chavez, 2012. Satellite-based prediction of pCO2 in coastal waters. Progress in Oceanography, 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.03.001.
• Hales, B., and T. Takahashi, 2012. Mesoscale physical and biogeochemical responses to iron fertilization in the upper layers of the southern ocean iron experiment (SOFeX) area. J. Geophys. Res. C: Oceans, doi:10.1029/2011JC006956.
• Falkowski, P. G. et al (Hales is 6th of 18 co-authors), 2011. Ocean de-oxygenation: Past, present, and future. Eos Trans. AGU, 92, 409–410, doi:10.1029/2011EO460001.
• Ho, D. T., C. L. Sabine, D. Hebert, D. S. Ullman, R. Wanninkhof, P. G. Strutton, R. C. Hamme, B. Hales, J. B. Edson, and B. R. Hargreaves, 2011. Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment: Setting the Stage. J. Geophys. Res., 116, C00F08, doi:10.1029/2010JC006852.
• *Evans, W., B. Hales, and P. Strutton, 2011. The seasonal cycle of surface ocean pCO2 on the Oregon shelf, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 116, C05012, doi:10.1029/2010JC006625.
• *Holser, R., M. Goni, and B. Hales, 2010. Design and application of a semi-automated filtration system to study the distribution of particulate organic carbon in the water column of a coastal upwelling system, Mar. Chem. 123, 67-77.
• Juranek, L.W., Feely, R.A., Peterson, W.T., Alin, S.R., Hales, B., Peterson, J., Lee, K., and Sabine, C.L., 2009. A novel method for determination of aragonite saturation state on the continental shelf of central Oregon using multi-parameter relationships with hydrographic data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01601, doi:10.1029/2009GL040423.
• Hauri, C., N. Gruber, S. Alin, V. J. Fabry, R. A. Feely, B. Hales, G.-K. Plattner and P. Wheeler., 2009. Ocean acidification in the California Current system. Oceanography 22, 60-71.
• Hales, B., D. Hebert, and J. Marra, 2009. Turbulent supply of nutrients to phytoplankton at the New England Shelfbreak Front. J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/2008JC005011.
• Hales, B., R. Vaillancourt, L. Prieto, J. Marra, R. Houghton, and D. Hebert, 2009. High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002. J. Mar. Syst., doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.024.
• Houghton, R. W., R. D. Vaillancourt, J. Marra, D. Hebert, and B. Hales, 2009. Upwelling subduction and productivity at the New England shelfbreak front. J. Mar. Syst., doi 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.023.
• Takahashi, T., et al., (Hales is 7th of 31 co-authors), 2009. Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans. Deep-Sea Res., doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009.
• Fabry, V., C. Langdon, W. Balch, A. G. Dickson, R. A. Feely, B. Hales, D. A. Hutchins, J. A. Kleypas, and C. L. Sabine, 2008. Ocean Acidification’s Effects on Marine Ecosystems and Biogeochemistry. EOS 89, 143-144.
• Feely, R. A., C. L. Sabine, J. M. Hernandez-Ayon, D. Ianson, and B. Hales, 2008. Evidence for upwelling of corrosive ‘acidified’ water onto the continental shelf. Science 320, 1490-1492.
• *Wetz, M. S., B. Hales, and P.A. Wheeler, 2008. Degradation of diatom-derived dissolved and particulate organic matter: implications for coastal C and N biogeochemistry. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 77, 422-432.
• Prieto L., R. D. Vaillancourt, B. Hales, and J. Marra, 2008. On the relationship between carbon fixation efficiency and bio-optical characteristics of phytoplankton. J. Plankton Res. 30, 43-56.
• Chase, Z., P. G. Strutton, and B. Hales, 2007. Iron links river runoff and shelf width to phytoplankton biomass along the north east Pacific margin. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34, L04607, doi:10.1029/2006GL028069.
• *Wetz, M. S., B. Hales, Z. Chase, P. A. Wheeler, and M. M. Whitney, 2006. Riverine input of macronutrients, iron, and organic matter to the coastal ocean off Oregon, U.S.A., during the winter. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51, 2221-2231.
• Hales, B., L. Karp-Boss, A. Perlin, and P. Wheeler, 2006. Oxygen production and carbon sequestration in an upwelling coastal margin. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 20, GB3001, doi:10.1029/2005GB002517.
• *Bandstra, L., B. Hales, and T. Takahashi, 2006. High-frequency measurement of seawater total carbon dioxide. Mar. Chem. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2005.10.009.
• Hales, B., J. N. Moum, P. Covert, and A. Perlin, 2005. Irreversible nitrate fluxes due to turbulent mixing in a coastal upwelling system. J. Geophys. Res., 110, C10S11, doi:10.1029/2004JC002685.
• Vaillancourt, R., J. Marra, R. Houghton, L. Prieto, B. Hales, and D. Hebert, 2005. Light absorption and scattering by particles and CDOM at the New England shelfbreak front during Summer. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, doi:10.1029/2005GC000999.
• Chase, Z., B. Hales, and T. Cowles, 2005. Distribution and variability of iron input to Oregon coastal waters during the upwelling season J. Geophys. Res., 110, C10S12, doi:10.1029/2004JC002590.
• Hales, B., T. Takahashi and L. Bandstra, 2005. Atmospheric CO2 uptake by a coastal upwelling system Global Biogeochem. Cycles 19, doi:10.1029/2004GB002295
• Hales, B., D. Chipman and T. Takahashi, 2004. High-frequency measurement of partial pressure and total concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater using microporous hydrophobic membrane contactors. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 2, 356-364.
• Karp, L., P. Wheeler, B. Hales, and P. Covert, 2004. Distributions and variability of POM in a coastal upwelling system. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans109, C09010, doi:10.1029/2003JC002184.
• Hales, B., and T. Takahashi, 2004. High-resolution biogeochemical investigation of the Ross Sea, Antarctica, during the aesops (u. S. Jgofs) program. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18, GB3006, doi:10.1029/2003GB002165.
• Coale, K. H., and others; (Hales is 13th in list of 42 co-authors), 2004. Southern Ocean Iron Enrichment Experiment (SOFeX): Iron, Silicon and Light Interactions in Antarctic Waters. Science304, 408-414
• Hales, B., T. Takahashi, and A. van Geen. 2004. High-frequency measurement of seawater chemistry: Flow-injection analysis of macronutrients. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 2,91–101
• Hales, B., 2003. Respiration, dissolution, and the lysocline. Paleoceanography, 18, 1099-1113
• Hales, B. and T. Takahashi, 2002. The Pumping Seasoar: A high resolution seawater sampling platform. J. Tech. 19, 1096-1104
• Hales, B., Sweeney, C., and Takahashi, T., 2001. Small-scale variability in the Ross Sea. Oceanography14, 90-91.
• Alleau Y., Colbert D., Covert P., Haley B., Qiu X., Collier R., Falkner K., Hales B., Prahl, F. and Gordon L., 2001. Th-234 applied to particle removal rates from the surface ocean: a mathematical treatment revisited. Geophys. Res. Letters28, 2855-2857.
• Sweeney, C., W. O. Smith, B. Hales, R. R. Bidigare, C. A. Carlson, L. A. Codispoti, L. I. Gordon, D. A. Hansel, F. J. Millero, M. M. Park, and T. T. Takahashi, 2000. Nutrient and carbon uptake ratios and fluxes in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research II 47, 3395-3422.
• Hales, B. and S. R. Emerson, 1997. Evidence in support of first-order dissolution kinetics for calcite in seawater. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 48, 317-327
• Hales, B., L. Burgess, and S. R. Emerson, 1997. An absorbance-based fiber-optic sensor for CO2(aq) measurement in porewaters of sea floor sediments. Marine Chemistry, 59, 51-62
• Hales, B. and S. R. Emerson, 1997. Calcite dissolution in sediments of the Ceara Rise: In situ measurements of porewater O2, pH, and CO2(aq). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 501-514.
• Hales, B. and S. R. Emerson, 1996. Calcite dissolution in sediments of the Ontong-Java Plateau: In situ measurements of porewater O2 and pH. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10, 527-541.
• Hales, B., S. R. Emerson, and D. E. Archer, 1994. Respiration and dissolution in sediments of the western North Atlantic: Estimates from models of in situ microelectrode measurements of porewater oxygen and pH. Deep-Sea Research 41, 695-719.